Сколиоз и врожденные пороки сердца: историко-аналитический обзор литературы

Сколиоз – широко распространенное ортопедическое заболевание, требующее в случаях прогрессирующего течения оперативного вмешательства. Врожденные пороки сердца – другая широко распространенная патология, нередко приводящая пациента на операционный стол, причем чаще всего (в отличие от сколиоза) по неотложным или жизненным показаниям. Эти две патологии могут сочетаться, что нередко и происходит, и это с неизбежностью ставит перед хирургами, как кардиологами, так и вертебрологами, новые задачи. Выполнен систематический поиск публикаций в электронной базе данных Pubmed/Medline с использованием ключевых слов «сколиоз» и «врожденный порок сердца». Обнаружено 109 работ, все, за одним исключением, англоязычные. Эти работы включены в историко-аналитический обзор литературы. Сделана попытка ответить на ряд вопросов: как часто встречаются сколиоз и врожденный порок сердца, как часто сколиоз сочетается с врожденным пороком сердца, как часто врожденный порок сердца сочетается со сколиозом, какие типы сколиотических деформаций сопутствуют развитию врожденного порока сердца, каковы механизмы формирования сколиоза в сочетании с врожденным пороком сердца, меняется ли динамика развития опорно-двигательного аппарата у детей с врожденным пороком сердца, каковы результаты хирургической коррекции сколиотических деформаций на фоне врожденного порока сердца и пороков сердца – на фоне сколиотической болезни?

Сколиотическая болезнь и врожденная сердечная патология – большие и важные разделы клинической медицины. Сочетание этих патологических состояний встречается нередко, формируя новую клиническую данность, не до конца изученную. Хирургическая коррекция одной или обеих патологий в случае их сочетания представляет собой сложную клиническую проблему.

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